The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday. Here is a look at how the award works:
Who is nominated?
Some 287 candidates have been nominated, including 208 individuals and 79 organisations. We don’t know who because the list is kept secret for 50 years, inside a vault in the basement of the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo.
Still, nominators, of whom there are thousands worldwide, can choose to reveal their choices.
Is US President Donald Trump nominated, and can he win?
The leaders of Cambodia, Israel and Pakistan have said they nominated Trump, though there is no way of verifying that.
If Trump is nominated, his chances to win are very low, according to experts.
Who are the favourites this year?
Pope Leo, the International Criminal Court, the International Court of Justice or Francesca Albanese, the UN special rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territories.
Also possible are Emergency Response Rooms, a Sudanese network of community groups providing aid during the civil war, or the non-governmental organisation Save the Children, which helps children in the conflict.
Outsiders include the International Space Station, as an example of what countries can achieve even when they are at odds with each other. The US, Russia, and Europe work together on the ISS.
Who decides?
The Norwegian Nobel Committee consists of five individuals appointed by the Norwegian parliament. Members are often, but not always, retired politicians. The current committee is led by the head of the Norwegian branch of Pen International, a group defending freedom of expression. Another member is an academic.
They are all put forward by Norwegian political parties and their appointments reflect the balance of power in Norway’s parliament.
Who can win?
The short answer is: whoever fits the description set out in the 1895 will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel. It says the prize should go to the person “who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses”.
The more complicated answer is that the prize “needs to be placed in the current context”, according to Kristian Berg Harpviken, the award committee’s secretary, who prepares the work for the award body. He participates in the deliberations but does not vote.
“They will look at the world, see what is happening, what are the global trends, what are the main concerns, what are the most promising processes that we see,” he told Reuters last year.
“And processes here can mean anything from a specific peace process to a new type of international agreement that is under development or that has recently been adopted.”
Who can nominate?
Thousands of people worldwide can propose names: members of governments and parliaments; current heads of state; university rectors, professors of history, social sciences, law and philosophy; and former Nobel Peace Prize laureates, among others.
Nominations closed on January 31. Members of the committee can make their own nominations too, no later than at their first meeting in February.
How does the committee decide?
The committee discusses all the nominations, then establishes a shortlist. Each nominee is then assessed and examined by a group of permanent advisers and other experts.
The committee meets roughly once a month to discuss the nominations. The decision tends to be taken in August or September, said Harpviken.
The committee seeks to reach a consensus on its selection. If it cannot, the decision is made by majority vote.
The last time a member quit in protest was in 1994, when Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat shared the prize with Israel’s Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin.
What does the laureate get?
A gold medal, a diploma, 12 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million) and immediate global attention.
When are the announcement and the ceremony?
The announcement will take place on October 9 at the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo and is made by the committee’s chair.
The ceremony takes place at the Oslo City Hall on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.
